vol. 57, no. 6

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Volume LVII

November-December 1993

No. 6

ACLU Puts Gas Chamber on Trial |

n October 25, in a crowded court- oe

QO room in San Francisco's federal

building, the ACLU _ put

California's gas chamber on trial. Over the

course of the two-week trial, ACLU-NC

attorneys presented dramatic evidence to

U.S. District Court Judge Marilyn Hall

Patel that the use of lethal gas to execute

condemned inmates violates the Eighth

Amendment's prohibition of cruel and

unusual punishment.

The civil rights lawsuit, Fierro, Harris

and Ruiz v. Gomez et al., asks Judge Patel

to issue a permanent injunction ordering

the state not to use the gas chamber to

carry out executions in California. The

case is being argued by ACLU-NC Death

Penalty Project Director Michael Laurence

_and cooperating attorney Warren George

of McCutchen, Doyle, Brown and Enerson.

This historic challenge has been close-

ly watched by the national news media.

This is the most comprehensive legal

assault on a particular method of execu-

tion, and it has the potential of ending gas

chamber executions throughout the United

States. As the New York Times stated on

the opening day of trial, "[t]he case could

make history."

The plaintiffs' witnesses, including

medical experts in the field of toxicology

and forensic pathology, legal ethicists, and

eyewitnesses to executions presented live

testimony describing the suffering inflicted

by the gas chamber. In addition, testimony

from journalists and other eyewitnesses,

physicians and Holocaust survivors was

Aaron Mitchell in 1967.

"

al

a

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a

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witness to his execution on April 21, 1992.

{ Reverend Harris testified that neither his

long career as a police officer nor his

experience as a Baptist minister caring for

dying people prepared him for watching

his cousin die in the gas chamber.

After Robert Harris contorted his body,

drooled and moaned, Reverend Harris had

to look away. "I turned because I couldn't

stand it. I think the only thing I've seen

that was worse than Robbie's death was a

burning death on the police force when the

victim's skin slipped off his body when

you tried to pick him up," Reverend Harris

testified.

Reverend Harris's experience was

echoed by eyewitnesses to other execu-

tions. Donald Cabana, the former warden

of the Parchman, Mississippi prison and

former director of the Mississippi

Department of Corrections, testified to the

particular cruelty of gas execution: "It

would be very difficult for anybody to see

the contortions and not presume they were

conscious. I don't think anything can pre-

pare you for that," said Cabana who

worked 23 years in corrections and served

as a medic in Vietnam. After he and six

other prison officials were almost asphyxi-

ated by lethal gas when "human error"

during a test of the gas chamber caused the

- cyanide crystals to drop into poison-form-

ing fluid tank, Cabana authored legislation

to do away with the Mississippi gas cham-

ber altogether.

wr

Drawing by artist Howard Brodie of the San Quentin gas chamber execution of

State witnesses claim "`no pain"

presented by declaration in over 1,000

pages of written evidence.

At the heart of the ACLU argument is

the contention that persons executed by

cyanide gas are conscious and endure

excruciating pain for several minutes

while they are dying of air hunger caused

by the effect of the gas on their bodies.

The first witness, Reverend Leon

Harris, is a cousin of Robert Harris and

served as both his spiritual advisor and a

"It would be very difficult for anybody to

see the contortions and not presume they

were conscious. I don't think anything can

prepare you for that."

- former Mississippi prison warden

The moving eyewitness testimony was

discounted by government witnesses, two

toxicologists who claimed that there is "no

pain" associated with death by cyanide.

The chief government witness, Dr. Steven

Baskin of the U.S. Army Research

Institute for Chemical Defense, compared

the journalists' eyewitness accounts of the

San Quentin gas chamber deaths to "Louis

L'Amour novels" and writing that "would

Continued on page 6

life continues to rage throughout this state and the nation. Even though the ACLU

has throughout its nearly 75-year history stood up to prevent the scapegoating and

unfair treatment of immigrants - especially during times of economic decline - the cur-

rent controversy has even our own members asking questions about what ACLU policy

should be in light of the current debate.

In the last issue of the ACLU News, Legislative Advocate Francisco Lobaco analyzed

the political atmosphere in California. He focused on Governor Wilson's proposal to

deny citizenship to American-born children of undocumented immigrants and the ACLU's

criticism of this plan and other anti-immigrant policies which violate the Constitution.

C ontroversy concerning immigrants and their place in our political and economic

ee

Just confirmed!

National ACLU Executive Director

eA RSI

KEYNOTE

Confronting Anti-Immigrant Myths

The ACLU criticism of the current immigration "reforms" being touted by leading

politicians must be understood in conjunction with a number of facts about immigrants

and immigration policy. Unfortunately, there is a wealth of misinformation about the con-

tribution which immigrants make to our nation, and our state in particular. In this issue

of the ACLU News we will begin to explore some common myths and not-so-common

facts about the economic impact of immigration. In future issues of the ACLU News we

will continue to increase our understanding of this crucial and volatile issue.

We hope that this information, adapted from materials provided by our legislative

staff, the national ACLU and the local Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights and

Services will be helpful to our members as we continue to fight civil liberties violations

against immigrants. We welcome your comments.

Dorothy Ehrlich

Executive Director

The Economic Impact of

Immigration in the United States

*Compared to U.S.-born workers of

all backgrounds, immigrants have a higher

rate of participation in the labor force,

tend to save more, apply more effort at

MYTH: Immigrants are hurting

the economy, especially in

California."

FACT: IMMIGRANT WORKERS

ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE U.S.

ECONOMY.

work, have a higher propensity to start

new businesses and to be self-employed.

Continued on page 7

9 aclu news

november - december 1993

Writing Your Rights

ACLU-NC Student Journalism Conference

_ Explores Censorship, Ethics

ver 200 high school journalists from schools through-

out northern California descended on U.C. Berkeley's

Student Union Building on October 5 for a challeng-

ing conference sponsored by the Howard A. Friedman First

Amendment Education Project of the ACLU-NC.

Organized by the ACLU-NC Student Advisory

Committee under the leadership of Friedman Project Director

Marcia Gallo, the day-long event included workshops on

fighting the censors, student activism, breaking through the

barriers of racism, sexism and homophobia, and creating

alternative media.

The morning plenary featured ACLU-NC staff attorney

and student rights expert Ann Brick, posing as the fictional -

but wholly believable - Vice-Principal Nellie Prim. Prim

fielded scores of questions from student journalists who

decried the often senseless censorship of school administra-

tors. Students chaired all the workshops, assisted by resource

persons from the ACLU staff. A separate workshop was held

for journalism advisors. The closing session, "The New Youth

News Shows - What's the Reel Story?" featured KRON-TV

teen reporters Kira Onadera and Rebecca White and Suchin

Lair Hamilton

Lowell High School junior Chris Wu (1.)

and KGO-TV teen reporter Suchin Pak co-

chaired the opening session "Should There

Lair Hamilton

U.C. Berkeley students Jennifer Cheng (1.) and

Be Limits on Freedom of Expression?"

Pak from KGO-TV's Straight Talk `n' Teens.

Union Maid Photos

schools throughout

Students from high

northern California

Principal Nellie Prim

on school censorship.

Vice-Principal Nellie

Prim (aka ACLU-

NC staff attorney

Ann Brick) held the

line on T-shirts, car-

toons, and "`offen-

sive" articles in the

school paper.

Rini Chakraborty, members of the ACLU

Student Advisory Committee and conference

organizers.

The Asset

Forfeiture Fiasco

by Margaret Pena

ACLU Legislative Director

he Attorney General received a

heavy blow at the end of the legisla-

tive session when the California

Legislature failed to expand or even renew

the current asset forfeiture law. Acting in

response to press accounts documenting

the abuses under state law, damning edito-

rials and complaints from constituents, the

Legislature drew the line on continuing to

allow the police and prosecutors to do

"business as usual" in seizing cash and

money.

Earlier in the year, the Attorney

General's version of asset forfeiture was

introduced by Republican leader Senator

Ken Maddy of Fresno. That measure, SB

1158 would have broadened the current

authority of law enforcement to seize

assets where it is "suspected" they are

related to a drug offense. Assemblymember

John Burton from San Francisco likewise

introduced his forfeiture measure AB 114

which contained some civil liberties pro-

tections for property owners. At one point,

both bills were "gutted" and were to be

resolved in a conference committee.

However, towards the end of the session,

Mr. Burton began negotiations with prose-

cutors, police and the ACLU over a com-

promise version.

The position of the ACLU that the

measure should contain greater civil liber-

ties protections was significantly strength-

ened after the San Jose Mercury News

published a scathing account of law

enforcement actions under the state forfei-

ture laws in late August. In an in-depth

-two part series entitled "The Forfeiture

Racket" and "The Money Tree" the paper

documented the findings of investigative

reporter Gary Webb who researched court

documents involving forfeiture actions in

almost every county in the state.

The articles reveal the wide-spread

abuses by law enforcement. Those abuses

included denying a woman's forfeiture

claim because she failed to fill out the

appeal form correctly. Also described were

instances where no drugs were involved

but nevertheless law enforcement seized

cash or property and forced the individual

to fight a lengthy battle to obtain its return.

In many instances, months later, the cash

or property still had not been returned.

Although the law requires the police to

give an individual written notice of their

rights in claiming their property, in one

jurisdiction officers hand the individual the

form at the same time they are being incar-

cerated. They are then required by the jail-

er to turn over all personal property in their

possession including the form. The result

is that the individual has possession of the

form for literally only a few seconds. This

form must be filed within 10 days.

Law enforcement's response to these

documented examples of abuse was that

they were untrue or exaggerated. In the

final days of the legislative session they

did nothing to address concerns which

were by then being raised not only by the

press but the public and members of the

legislature as well. Instead, prosecutors

pushed forward in negotiations for broad

authority which would do nothing to curb

the abuses. This proved to be a fatal tacti-

cal error.

In the final hours of the session when it

became clear to the prosecution that they

would not prevail on every issue in negoti-

ations, they circulated a "hit piece" declar-

ing Asemblymember Burton's compro-

mise as the Drug Dealers Protection Act.

Upon being given a copy, Mr. Burton

refused to continue negotiating and decid-

ed not to move his bill at all. By that time

the measure fell short of the much needed

civil liberties protections. As a result, the

current law will expire at the end of the

year and instead will revert back to a 1988

law which requires a property owner to be

convicted of drug trafficking in most cases

before forfeiture could take place. In cases

involving cash over $25,000 a conviction

would not be required. Although the 1988

law is deficient in some respects from a

civil liberties standpoint, it contains the

most important protection - post-convic-

tion. Clearly, the outcome was a victory

for the ACLU but we expect to wrestle

with this issue again in the future. @

ACLU-NC Board Officers

T he following have been elected to

serve as officers of the ACLU-NC

Board of Directors: Milton Estes,

Chair; Joanne Lewis, Vice-Chair and Chair

of the Field Committee; Margaret Russell,

Vice-Chair and Chair of the Legal

Committee; Davis Riemer, Vice-Chair and

Chair of the Development Committee;

Nancy Pemberton, Vice-Chair and Chair

of the Legislative Policy Committee; and

Jim Blume, Treasurer. These officers will

comprise the Executive Committee along

with Barbara Brenner, Luz Buitrago, Fran

Strauss, Eleanor Eisenberg and Maria

Ontiveros.

aclu news

6 issues a year: January-February, March-April, May-June, July-August,

September -October, and November-December.

Published by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California

Milton Estes, Chairperson

Dorothy Ehrlich, Executive Director

Elaine Elinson, Editor

Nancy Otto, Field Page

ZesTop Publishing, Design and Production

- 1663 Mission St., 4th Floor

San Francisco, California 94103

(415) 621-2493

Membership $20 and up, of which 50 cents is for a subscription to the aclu news

and 50 cents is for the national ACLU bi-monthly publication, Civil Liberties.

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aclu news 3

november - december 1993

- California Supreme Court Hears ACLU Cases

ACLU Challenge to Drug

Testing of Student Athletes

n November 1, the California

O Supreme Court heard oral argument

in the ACLU-NC challenge to the

National Collegiate Athletic Association's

(NCAA) drug testing program. The ACLU-

NC litigation on behalf of Stanford student

athletes, has successfully blocked the

NCAA from forcing the students to submit

to the drug tests in order to compete in

NCAA-sponsored post-season competition.

"The Santa Clara County Superior Court

and the Court of Appeal agreed that the

NCAA drug-testing program is a clear inva-

sion of the students' right to privacy," said

ACLU-NC cooperating attorney Robert Van

Nest of Keker, Brockett and Van Nest. Van

Nest, who argued the case in front of the

state high court, represents the Stanford ath-

letes along with Susan Harriman and

Michael Proctor of Keker, Brockett and Van

Nest and ACLU-NC staff attorneys Edward

Chen and Margaret Crosby.

_ "The tests are degrading and humiliat-

ing. They detect more than 2,600 sub-

stances that are unrelated to athletic perfor-

mance or student health. If a test finds a

banned substance like over-the-counter

cold medicine, the student must be sus-

pended from competition for 90 days. Even

more alarming, the tests pick up totally

irrelevant substances like birth control pills

and herbal tea," said Chen. "It's an unsci-

entific, ineffective program that adds noth-

ing to the quality of intercollegiate sports."

The ACLU-NC originally filed suit in

January 1987 on behalf of Simone LeVant,

captain of the Stanford Women's Diving

Team, who refused to submit to the drug

testing procedure. After LeVant won an

injunction from Santa Clara County

Superior Court enabling her to compete in

NCAA competitions during her senior

year, the ACLU-NC, representing

women's soccer captain Jennifer Hill and

football linebacker Barry McKeever, suc-

ceeded in winning a permanent injunction

banning drug testing for Stanford athletes.

Superior Court Judge Conrad

Rushing's August 1988 ruling followed a

five-week trial that included expert testi-

mony on the medical and athletic aspects of

drug use. Rushing found that forcing ath-

letes to disrobe from their armpits to their

knees and urinate in front of the watchful

eyes of an NCAA monitor "is degrading

and embarrassing to both men and

women." In fact, if students are unable to

fill the urine beaker, they are given fluids

and prevented from leaving until they are

able to give a full sample.

Furthermore, Rushing faulted the

NCAA for spending only $200,000 on drug

education over a ten-year period, while

pouring $1 million into the drug testing

program in one year alone. "Drug educa-

tion is certainly a viable alternative to drug

testing which has not been adequately ~

attempted by the NCAA," Rushing said.

Following an appeal by the NCAA, .the

Sixth Appellate District Court of Appeal

upheld the injunction. In its unanimous

September 1990 decision, the court ruled

that the NCAA failed to show a compelling

need for its drug-testing program that out-

weighed the students' right to privacy guar-

anteed by the California Constitution: "The

evidence did not support the NCAA's

claim that there is significant drug use

among student athletes, and that by testing,

students' health and safety and the integrity

of competition will be protected. The evi-

dence showed that the test program was too

broad, and its accuracy doubtful."

The NCAA appealed the decision, and

the California Supreme Court granted

review.

"We are asking the Supreme Court to

affirm the constitutional right to be free

from unnecessary invasions of privacy.

This testing program doesn't educate stu-

dent athletes about the potential dangers of

drug abuse - it forces young people to

endure humiliating scrutiny of their most

intimate bodily functions, prevents them

from seeking medical care for common ail-

ments, and demeans the valuable role that

intercollegiate athletics play in a student's

education," said Van Nest. @

ACLU Condemns Travel Ban to Cuba

ACLU-NC Executive Director Dorothy Ehrlich (center) joined speakers (1. to r.)

Berkeley City Councilwoman Maudelle Shirek, author Alice Walker, travel cam-

paign organizer Teresa Walsh, and Father Bill O'Donnell at an October 8 press con-

ference condemning the U.S. government's continuing travel ban to Cuba as uncon-

stitutional. A simultaneous press conference was held at the ACLU Center for

National Security Studies in Washington, D.C.

Organizers of the "Freedom to Travel Challenge" - 185 travelers including sev-

eral octogenarians, families with young children, high school students, and Cuban-

Americans - announced their plan to travel to Cuba in defiance of the government's

ban on travel there.

President Carter, while maintaining the general trade embargo on Cuba, has

removed all restrictions on travel to Cuba, but they were subsequently reimposed by

President Reagan. The ACLU called on President Clinton to lift the travel ban and

move to end the Cold War at home as well as abroad.

`Travel is a basic liberty that the Constitution guarantees to all Americans," said

Ehrlich. Noting that Secretary of State Warren Christopher had affirmed his com-

mitment to the dissemination of ideas, she added, `We are hopeful that this

Administration, which has made promotion of human rights and democracy abroad

an important part of its foreign policy objectives, will now secure this liberty for

Americans at home.'

The ACLU also affirmed that it was prepared to help defend anyone prosecuted

for taking the trip.

Union Maid

Former Justice Grodin Argues:

Drug Company Must Issue

Warning Labels for Non-

English Speaking Consumers

n October 6, former California

QO Supreme Court Justice Joseph

Grodin argued on behalf of a

coalition of civil rights and health care

advocates in front of the California

Supreme Court that a Mexican-American

child who is severely disabled because he

contracted Reye's Syndrome by consum-

ing aspirin as an infant should have his day

in court.

In his first appearance since leaving

the Court in 1986, Grodin urged the high

court to allow a case to go to trial against

Plough, Inc., manufacturer of St. Joseph

Aspirin for Children, for failing to issue a

_ warning about Reye's Syndrome in a way

comprehensible to specifically targeted

Spanish-speaking consumers.

A coalition including the ACLU affil-

iates of Northern and Southern

California, Mexican American Legal

Defense and Educational Fund, Trial

Lawyers for Public Justice and Public

Citizen Health Research Group, filed the

friend of the court brief on May 17 in the

case Ramirez v. Plough. The lawsuit may

have far-reaching effects on the issue of

language discrimination, because Plough

is asking the court to categorically

exempt pharmaceutical manufacturers

from any liability resulting from failure

to issue warning labels in a language

other than English.

A California appeals court overturned

an earlier decision by a trial judge who

declared that Plough had no duty to warn

consumers in Spanish. The California

Supreme Court will decide whether the

case should be thrown out or whether the

plaintiff should be permitted to present his

case to a jury.

Jorge Ramirez, 8, contracted Reye's

Syndrome at 4 months of age after being

given Plough's St. Joseph Aspirin for

Children. His mother, who speaks only

Spanish, was unable to read the English

warning label. Jorge, who lives with his

family in Modesto, is now quadriplegic,

blind and severely mentally impaired and

requires 24-hour supervision.

"He really can't do anything by him-

self," said his mother, Rosa Rivera, during

a videotaped interview. "He is blind, he

can't walk, he cannot really function at all.

"It's hard for me because I work six

hours a day [at MacDonald's] and my hus-

band cannot work because he has to spend

most of his time taking care of Jorge.",

Surveys conducted by Plough showed

the company that its Spanish-language

advertisements were effective in boosting

sales to Latino consumers. "I'm also hop-

ing that other children of other mothers

don't have to go through the same thing,"

said Rivera.

Plough argues for a rule of law that

would allow every manufacturer to be

exempt from liability from any claim of

negligence based on a failure to use a lan-

guage other than English. Plough argues

that it would be both "unduly burden-

some" and "violative" of California's

interest in maintaining a single-language

system to hold it even potentially responsi-

ble for failing to warn consumers of dan-

gerous side effects in a language other

than English - even if the product is

directly targeted at a non-English speaking

market.

In their amicus brief to the California

Supreme Court, the coalition of advocates

charge that such an exemption would

exclude all non-English speakers from

protection under California law, and

would raise serious constitutional ques-

tions because such a sweeping rule of

"English Only" warnings would effective-

ly discriminate against racial and ethnic

minorities.

"Such a categorical exemption from

the duty everyone has to exercise ~reason-

able care' in order not to injure others, and

a duty manufacturers have to provide a

reasonably safe product, is not supported

by California law," explained Justice

Grodin. "California has no public policy

denying non-English speakers their funda-

mental right to be free from an unreason-

able risk of injury.

"California must not allow. multina-

tional corporations like Plough to use

Spanish when it promotes their sales and

brings them profits but only English when

it warns about the risks of its product. At

the very least, a jury should determine

whether Plough's failure to warn Spanish-

speaking customers was unreasonable

under the circumstances of this case or

rendered its product unsafe," he added.

The amicus attorneys are Edward

Chen of the ACLU Foundation of

Northern California, Esteban Lizardo of

MALDEF, Anne W. Bloom and Dianna

Lyons for Trial Lawyers for Public Justice,

Robin Toma of the ACLU Foundation of

Southern California and Joan Stieber and

David Vladeck of Public Citizen. Former

Justice Grodin, a professor at Hastings

College of the Law in San Francisco, is on

the ACLU-NC Legal Committee. m

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DEPARTMENT

Sunday, December 5, 1993

Pee ee men eee a CRMC ea) pea

GRAND BALLROOM HYATT REGENCY - 5 EMBARCADERO CENTER - SAN FRANCISCO

Honoring leading figures in the student rights movement with the Earl Warren Civil Liberties Award:

Dr. Kenneth B. Clark, Distinguished Professor of Psychology Emeritus, City University of New York, whose research on

the effect of segregation on children's self image was used in Brown v. Board of Education

Melba Beals, one of the "Little Rock 9" students who fought to attend an all-white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957

Plaintiffs from Tinker vs Des Moines Independent Community School District who protested the Vietnam War

by wearing an armband to school which resulted in the landmark 1969 case affirming students' rights to political expression

Presenting Molly Stolmack, veteran ACLU volunteer, with the Lola Hanzel Courageous Advocacy Award

Keynote Speaker: Ira Glasser

RA GLASSER has served as Executive Director of the ACLU since 1978. Previously he was the Executive Director of the New York

Civil Liberties Union. His book, Visions of Liberty: The Bill of Rights for All Americans, published in 1991 to commemorate the

bicentennial of the Bill of Rights, was hailed as an insightful analysis of how our rights developed.

"Glasser, is an eloquent and witty speaker, renowned for his ability to explain and debate complex, cutting edge civil liberties issues. He

is a widely published essayist whose writings have appeared in The New York Times, The Village Voice, The New Republic, and The

Nation among other publications. Prior to his affiliation with the ACLU, Glasser was a mathematician who taught at Queens College and

Sarah Lawrence College.

Serie Clio

HE SAN FRANCISCO CHILDREN'S CHORUS, a culturally diverse ensemble of children San Francisco Children's Chorus :

eight to fourteen years old, was founded at the Community Music Center in 1973. Directed by | ey

composer and conductor Urs Leonhardt Steiner, the chorus has a tradition of performing music from |

all corners of the world, singing in many languages. Throughout the year, the group travels to senior

residence homes, schools and community centers to share its music with others.

Works by San Francisco High School Student Winners in the Freedom of Expression Juried Art Show

will be featured at the Bill of Rights Day Celebration.

The San Francisco Children's Chorus, conducted by Urs Leonhardt Steiner,

singing the National Anthem for the San Francisco Giants.

Tickets: $20.00; $8.00 for seniors, low income, and students over 18; free for students under 18

To reserve tickets and tables, please call Nancy Otto at 415.621.2493.

- Earl Warren Civil Liberties Award Honorees

For the past twenty years, the ACLU-NC has granted the Far! Warren Civil Liberties Award to a person or persons who have made major contributions to the battle for justice.

This year, we honor distinguished path makers in the battle for the rights of students and youth.

Ne Co ee ECAUSE OF HIS GROUNDBREAKING AND HEROIC WORK to expand the civil liberties of African American children, educator Kenneth B. Clark has been hailed

as "a new kind of protagonist for our fight to eliminate racial segregation in this complex society."

| Clarks 1950 study on how segregation adversely affected the psychological development of black and white children provided the evidence necessary to overturn the doctrine of

"separate but equal" in the education system. Clark provided extensive research and innovative support to Thurgood Marshall, then an attorney for the NAACP. who coordinated

the legal challenge to segregated schools. The U.S. Supreme Court cited Clark's work in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education. Ten years later, Clark described the

decision as one that recognized that "a racist system inevitably destroys and damages human beings; it brutalizes and dehumanizes them,

| blacks and whites alike." .

y) His work as an activist and author'has inspired and led the movement for educational equality. His books include Prejudice and Your Child, Dark Ghetto, A Relevant War Against

o Poverty. Clark has been honored with the Springarn Award, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award and the National Medal of Liberty.

Currently, Clark is the president of Kenneth B. Clark and Associates, Inc., which provides professional consultation to educational institutions, private corporations, and government agencies on personnel matters,

with particular emphasis on human relations, race relations and affirmative action programs. He is the Chair of the National Advisory Council of the ACLU.

Because few champions of civil rights have so effectively demonstrated the enduring harm of racial bigotry and had such an impact on equal education in this country, we honor Dr. Clark with the Ear! Warren

Civil Liberties Award.

"BN 1957 WHILE MOST TEENAGE GIRLS were listening to Buddy Holly's `Peggy Sue,' watching Elvis gyrate, and collecting crinoline slips, | was escaping the hanging rope ae A ee ee

of a lynch mob, dodging lighted sticks of dynamite, and washing away burning acid sprayed in my eyes." Thus Melba Patillo Beals recalls her effort to integrate Little Rock, ;

Arkansas's Central High School and how that harrowing experience transformed nine young African American students info reluctant warriors on the battlefield of civil rights.

The Little Rock Nine ran the gauntlet between a rampaging mob and the heavily armed Arkansas National Guard, dispatched by Governor Orval Faubus to subvert federal law and bar

them from entering the school. President Dwight Eisenhower responded by sending in soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division. They were to protect the black teenagers as they took

on the daunting task of fulfiling the promise of integration presented by the landmark 1954 landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.

During that harrowing year at Central High, not even the 101st Airborne Division could blunt the segregationists' brutal, organized campaign of telephone terrorism, insults and

assaults at school, brigades of attacking white parents, rogue police, restroom fireball attacks, acid-throwers, vigilante stalkers and economic blackmail.

Today, that group of courageous high school students includes a social worker, a college dean, a real estate agent, and the vice president of a major brokerage firm. Melba Beals, a

journalist and author of the forthcoming book Warriors Don't Cry, a searing memoir of the embattled integration of Little Rock's Central High, will accept the Earl Warren Civil Liberties Award.

Plaiititis in Tinker v. Des Momes N FEBRUARY. 24, 1969, the Supreme Court decided Tinker . Des Moines, o landmark case upholding the

. ; rights of student protesters to express their political opinions on campus. In a 7 to 2 vote, the Court ruled that

public school students have the constitutionally quaranteed right to freedom of expression.

That historic victory culminated the bold and committed struggle of three lowa high school students who wanted to

symbolically voice their opposition to the Vietnam War by fasting and wearing black armbands fo school.

In 1965 John Tinker, 15, his sister Mary Beth Tinker, 13 and their friend, Christopher Eckhardt, 16, were told by school

officials "that any student wearing an armband to school would be asked to, remove it, and if he refused he would be

suspended until he returned without the armband." When the students refused fo remove their armbands, they were

immediately suspended.

Represented by the ACLU, the students and their parents went fo court. Though they lost in the lower court, they persisted;

. ., ff. `in 1969 the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the lower court's decision and affirmed the students' right to protest the

At a school board meeting in Des Moines in 1965 (r. -1.), Vietnam War t : 2 i

a plaintiff in the case, accompanied by his father Dr. Wiliam Eckhardt and mother Margaret Eckhardt. Vietnam War with the protected symbolic speech of the black armbands.

While their anti-war protest and lengthy court battle paved the way for securing the rights of freedom of expression for students, Mary Beth Tinker, John Tinker and Chris Eckhardt continue to speak out for the

First Amendment and in support of student activism. Chris Eckhardt, who has spent the last two decades working with physically and sexually abused children and adolescents and is currently a senior at the

University of South Florida, will accept the Earl Warren Civil Liberties Award.

a soe on

Lola ish yc Courageous Advocacy ral et

In order to recognize and thank volunteers who have provided strength, dedication and leadership to the ACLU-NC by their exemplary efforts, the Board of Directors established the Lola Hanzel Courageous Advocacy Award in 1981.

Before her death in 1980, Lola Hanzel served as a volunteer at the ACLU-NC for more than a decade, giving of her spirit and devotion in a way that inspired others. :

Molly Stolmack IGHT YEARS AGO, Molly Stolmack saw an ad in the ACLU News for volunteers and she called offering her services. She came in, sat down to work in the Membership

Department, and has been an important part of the affiliate ever since.

"| had just come baek from overseas to Reagan's America," Stolmack explained, "and | was delighted to come work at the ACLU. In that climate, seeing all the ACLU memberships

coming in really gave a needed lift to my spirits."

lf membership is the lifeblood of the ACLU, then Molly is our heart - diligently maintaining the records of our 30,000 members with consistent and attentive care.

Stolmack, who has been a member of the ACLU since the Fifties, brings a wide range of experience to her work here. During World War Il, she worked for the government and

served in the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps; she later worked for the San Francisco Chronicle, the Marine Maritime Union, and Golden Gate Law School. She has also lived in Indonesia and

Germany. Her warmth, commitment and generosity of spirit inspire the staff and Board of the ACLU:NC.

6 aclu news

november - december 1993

by Jean Field

n August 27, the ACLU-NC and a

() coalition of civil rights advocates

appealed a Santa Clara County

Superior Court order that makes it a crime

for 38 young Latinos to engage in other-

wise legal acts - like standing on the

sidewalk - in the Rocksprings section of

San Jose.

The city of San Jose branded these

youth and 100 other unnamed young peo-

ple as gang members, and on June 28

obtained a preliminary injunction that

imposes up to six months in jail or a

$1,000 fine for a broad variety of activi-

ties: gathering in groups of three or more,

talking to someone inside a car, climbing a

tree, making a "loud noise of any kind" at

any time, wearing clothing with certain

symbols, or carrying a variety of items

including marbles, screwdrivers, pliers,

marking pens, beepers and sparkplugs.

"This is an outrageous violation of the

constitutional rights of these young peo-

ple," said ACLU-NC staff attorney Ed

Chen. "This lawsuit turns the criminal jus-

Gas Chamber ...

Continued from page 1

make Hemingway proud....but is less than

objective." Dr. Baskin said that "yellow

journalism is designed to sell, like the

tabloids at the supermarket counters," and

"is not the same as doing well-controlled

scientific experiments."

Despite examining physicians' records

documenting that dying San Quentin

inmates were conscious for up to several

minutes, Dr. Baskin continued to maintain

that pain from hydrogen cyanide gas is "an

ersatz phenomena," and the result of

"medieval thinking - it's not science." In

fact, Dr. Baskin tried to convince the court

that the experiments he and his colleagues

conducted show that cyanide has an anal-

gesic effect. The Attorney General's

request to conduct an experiment that Dr.

Baskin proposed - the insertion of bal-

loons in rats' anuses to cause pain followed

by exposure to cyanide to alleviate the pain

- received front page publicity in the San

Francisco Examiner the day before the trial

opened. In the opening session of the trial,

Deputy Attorney General Dan Gillette

withdrew the request, but not before sever-

al animal rights activists and news com-

mentators decried the proposed experiment.

Three ACLU medical experts, Dr. Kent

Olson, Medical Director of the Poison

Control Center at UC San Francisco; neu-

rologist Dr. John Friedberg; and Dr.

Richard Traystman, Director of

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Research at Johns Hopkins University, all

presented detailed and comprehensive evi-

dence of the pain caused by lethal doses of

cyanide gas.

Air hunger

"The prisoner will experience the terror

of air hunger....cyanide gas can inflict

cruel and inappropriate pain for several

minutes," said Dr. Olson. He explained that

cyanide gas prevents the cells from pro-

cessing oxygen, and suffocates victims in

drawn-out excruciating pain.

"We don't even put stray dogs to death

by lethal gas," said Dr. Olson, noting that

the American Veterinary Medical

Association protocols do not allow euthana-

sia of laboratory animals by cyanide gas.

Dr. Traystman compared death in the

gas chamber to the pain of a heart attack."

San Quentin warden

Under questioning by attorney

Laurence, San Quentin prison warden

Daniel Vasquez testified that he told con-

demned inmate David Mason that lethal

gas would cause death in "two to four sec-

onds." Warden Vasquez had participated

in the execution of Robert Harris and testi-

ACLU Appeals Injunction

Court Order Violates Rights of Latino Youths

tice system on its head. Evidently unable

to prosecute these individuals for gang-

related crimes under criminal laws, the

city has opted instead to short cut the crim-

inal justice system and use a civil suit to

strip them of their civil rights - a civil

suit in which the defendants are not enti-

for Civil Rights, the National Lawyers

Guild and the firm of Siner, Steinbock,

Hofmann and Pennypacker, challenged San

Jose v. Acuna, the city's lawsuit seeking

the injunction. After Judge Robert Foley

issued the injunction, the coalition of civil

liberties groups appealed his decision.

"This is classic guilt by association. The

city (of San Jose) is trying an end run

around the Constitution at the price of the

civil liberties of an entire class of people."

- Ed Chen

tled to a court-appointed attorney, and in

which the government does not have to

prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt."

On behalf of 11 of the young people,

the ACLU-NC, along with attorneys from

the Public Interest Law Firm in San Jose,

the San Francisco Lawyers' Committee

The appeal argues that the injunction

unconstitutionally imposes guilt by associa-

tion, and infringes on the youths' funda-

mental rights of free association and expres-

sion by prohibiting them from "standing,

sitting, walking, driving, gather or appear-

ing anywhere" in Rocksprings with any

Coeciional Ulficer

Rust Area

Floor Plan

tion?

Physh

Observation fren'

Lethal Gas Chamber, San Quentin State Prison

Wines Giservation Ares

ee

Seale in Fext

Morgan Stetler

Plaintiff's exhibit Number 51 was used in court to show where eyewitnesses and

prison officials were standing during the executions of Robert Harris and David

Mason.

fied that he had also been aware that the

warden of the Arizona prison where

Donald Harding was gassed on April 6,

1992 had "been upset" by the execution.

Plaintiffs' evidence - including hand-

written notes taken by a San Quentin staff-

person during a phone call from the

Arizona warden - showed that the

Harding execution was quite brutal. "His

face was red and contorted as if he were

attempting to fight tremendous pain," one

eyewitness described. Another observed

that "Don's body started convulsing vio-

lently and his arms strained against the

straps. His face and body turned a deep red

and the veins in his temple and neck began

to bulge until I thought they might

explode." After the Harding execution, the

other defendant or "known" gang member.

"One of the defendants is a young

father who is in danger of arrest if he plays

with or yells a warning to his child.

Another is a high school student who

hasn't been in the Rocksprings neighbor-

hood in more than a year. Two of the

young people are brothers, who are pro-

hibited from walking down the street with

each other," said Sara Campos of the

Lawyers' Committee.

Furthermore, the coalition argues,

because the terms of the injunction are so

- vague, it opens the door to arbitrary and

discriminatory enforcement by police.

"The city of San Jose claims that this

injunction is justified because gang-related

crime is so pervasive that it constitutes a

public nuisance," explained Campos. "Yet

it produced little evidence of concerted

gang activity, much less that these youths

named as defendants had anything to do

with it."

"This is classic guilt by association," said

Chen. "The city is trying an end run around

the Constitution at the price of the civil liber-

ties of an entire class of people." @

warden and the Governor supported suc-

cessful legislation to permit execution by

lethal injection.

Standard of decency

Professor Frank Zimring, a specialist in

legal ethics and research at the Earl Warren

Legal Institute at Boalt Hall Law School

told the court that over 60 years ago, the

gas chamber was touted as the "humane"

alternative to execution by hanging. Today,

however, the gas chamber "has fallen into

particular disrepute." Since 1970, the

majority of states have abandoned the gas

chamber. Today, only a few states -

California, Arizona, Mississippi, and North

Carolina - maintain the gas chamber as an

option along with lethal injection. Only one

state, Maryland, retains the gas chamber as

the only option; there has not been an exe-

cution in Maryland in more than 25 years.

"The torture inflicted by the state on

Robert Harris and David Mason is simply

not compatible with the standards of a civi-

lized society," said Laurence. "It causes

excruciating pain throughout the prisoner's

body. It was a method of death widely used

in Nazi death camps - now, in the United

States, only a handful of states still use it.

We must not allow this barbaric practice to

continue in California."

Testimony in the trial lasted two weeks.

Over the next month, attorneys will submit

post-trial briefs. Judge Patel has scheduled

closing oral arguments for January 10,

1994. @

Immigration: Myths and Facts ...

Continued from page I

*During the current and past reces-

sions, the demand for immigrant labor has

continued in all but the most depressed sec-

tors of the California economy, indicating

that demand for immigrant labor in the

state is fairly constant.

*The relatively lower-cost and avail-

able immigrant workforce keeps labor-

intensive industries competitive and helps

to retain these industries in the U.S.

Immigrants made crucial contributions to

the economic dynamism of California over

the last twenty years, and have saved the

furniture, garment, shoe industries in

"Southern California, and textile industries

in Los Angeles, New York and San

Francisco.

FACT: IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE

TO THE U.S. ECONOMY THROUGH

TAX PAYMENTS, JOB CREATION,

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY, CON-

SUMER SPENDING AND NEIGHBOR-

HOOD REVITALIZATION.

*The average immigrant pays $1,300

or more a year in taxes.

*TImmigrants are more likely to be self-

employed and start new businesses. Small

businesses, 18% of which are started by

immigrants, account for up to 80% of the

new jobs available in the U.S. each year.

*The larger the foreign-born popula-

tion, the larger the employment gains for

native-born people. Immigrants add twice

as many jobs to the country as does the

native born population, and contribute to

local employment more than non-immi-

grants.

*Immigrant consumer spending repre-

sents a major part of the economy in the

cities and neighborhoods where they are

concentrated.

*By setting up businesses and buying

homes, immigrants generate both taxes and

employment opportunities, while encour-

aging further investment in run-down cen-

tral city neighborhoods and older suburbs.

*Immigrants are working in both high

and low skilled jobs that would otherwise

go unfilled, generating additional jobs in

management and service sectors from work

they do and goods and services they con-

sume.

MYTH: "Immigrants take jobs

away from American workers."

FACT: IMMIGRANTS ARE JOB

MAKERS, NOT JOB TAKERS.

*Immigrants create jobs through the

formation of new businesses, spending, and

capital investment, and by raising the pro-

ductivity of U.S. businesses.

*By filling the need for low-skilled

labor, immigrants create and sustain U.S.

industries and increase the demand for

skilled jobs typically held by U.S.-born

workers. This boosts employment and

income for the population as a whole.

*There is no significant relationship

between immigration and unemployment

rates in U.S. cities.

*Any reduction in wages and loss of

jobs are more a consequence of trade

deficits and manufacturers moving over-

seas, rather than immigration.

FACT: IMMIGRATION DOES NOT

HURT NATIVE-BORN U.S. WORK-

ERS.

*Numerous studies have found little

evidence that immigration, including

undocumented immigration, reduces the

employment or wage rates of U.S.-born

low-skilled workers, including African

American and Hispanic Americans.

*Unemployment rates of African

Americans are no higher in cities with high

immigration, even during serious reces-

sions in the 1970s and 1980s.

MYTH 3: "Jmmigrants receive a

disproportionate amount of wel-

fare and other public assistance."

FACT: DESPITE HIGH POVERTY

RATES, IMMIGRANTS USE FEWER

PUBLIC BENEFITS THAN AVERAGE,

AND ARE LESS LIKELY TO BECOME

DEPENDENT ON WELFARE.

*Legal immigrants make up 22% of

the population of California, but are only

12% of the population receiving AFDC.

Most are recent refugees from Southeast

Asia and the former Soviet Union.

*Only 3.8 percent of California's long-

term immigrants received welfare, social

security, or other types of assistance, com-

pared with 4.1 percent of native-born

households.

*A much higher proportion of immi-

grants are working age as compared to the

native born population. As a result, more

are working and fewer are dependent on

social services. For example, of all for-

eign-born immigrants who entered

between 1980-90, only 1.5% receive social

security, as compared to approximately

13% of U.S.-born residents of California.

*While undocumented, less than one

percent of immigrants legalized under the

1986 amnesty program had received gen-

eral assistance, social security, supplemen-

tal security income, workers' compensa-

tion, or unemployment insurance. Less

than one-half of one percent received food

stamps or AFDC.

MYTH 4: "Immigrants come

here to live off the system."

FACT: MOST IMMIGRANTS COME

BECAUSE THERE ARE JOBS FOR

THEM IN THE U.S., AND ONCE

HERE, ARE INELIGIBLE FOR AND

GENERALLY AVOID PUBLIC ASSIS-

TANCE PROGRAMS.

*There is no evidence that public bene-

fits and services in the U.S. serve as a

magnet for immigrants. People immigrate

here because they have relatives, because

there are jobs, and because there is a tradi-

tion of migrating to California.

*Immigrants legalized under the 1986

amnesty program were disqualified from

Aid to Families with Dependent Children

(AFDC) or Medi-Cal for five years after

obtaining legal permanent residency.

*Undocumented immigrants are ineli-

gible for all public benefits except for

emergency medical and perinatal services

and K-12 education.

*Because immigrants can be denied

permanent residence based on their likeli-

hood of becoming a "public charge" (often

aclu news 7

november - december 1993 ,

measured by whether they have received

public benefits in the past), immigrants

and their families tend to avoid public

assistance.

MYTH: "Immigrants don't pay

their fair share."

FACT: THROUGHOUT THEIR

LIFETIMES, IMMIGRANTS PAY CON-

SIDERABLE TAXES, FAR MORE

THAN THEY RECEIVE IN PUBLIC

BENEFITS AND SERVICES.

*Each year, immigrants pay $90 bil-

lion in taxes, and receive only $5 billion in

welfare.

*Each immigrant, over his or her life-

time, pays $15,000 to $20,000 more in

taxes than he or she receives in govern-

ment benefits.

*Immigrants' contributions to Social

Security are vital to the survival of the

financially strained Social Security system

because they pay into the program during

their lifetimes, but do not have a genera-

tion of parents collecting benefits. Every

100,000 additional immigrants contribute

$2.4 billion in taxes to the Social Security

fund.

*Although undocumented immigrants

are ineligible for almost all public benefits,

including unemployment and Social

Security, they are required to pay into

these programs through taxes and payroll

deductions.

*For its first several decades, the aver-

age immigrant family pays more in taxes

than the average native family, despite

lower income. During subsequent years,

immigrants begin earning more, with earn-

ings typically exceeding those of citizens,

resulting in higher tax payments and less

use of social services.

This information comes from the

Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee

Rights. Sources include California

Research Bureau, 1993; California Senate

Office of Research, 1993; U.S. Department

of Labor, 1990; U.S. Department of

Justice; Immigration and Naturalization

Service; Immigration and Nationality Act;

U.S. Census; National Immigration Law

Center; and others. For a list of citations,

please write ACLU News, 1663 Mission

Street, San Francisco, CA 94103.

ane

8

`aclu news

november - december 1993

OBITUARIES

eteran civil liberties activist

Carolyn Symonds died of pneu-

monia on September 25 at Kaiser

Hospital in Santa Clara. Symonds was

a leader in the Santa Cruz Chapter of

the ACLU-NC and participated in all

aspects of the organization's work.

"She lived a very full life, and touched

ACLU people," said her husband Paul

Johnson. "She lived by her ethics."

Symonds served on the affiliate

BE velyn Frank, a former member of

the ACLU-NC Legal Committee,

and a tireless advocate for the rights of

the poor, died of breast cancer at the

age of 46 on September 5. Frank, who

worked for two decades with the Legal

Aid Society of Alameda County, won

numerous landmark cases in securing

medical benefits for indigent

Californians.

Among Frank's legal achievements

are court battles for the right of strikers

to obtain subsistence benefits and the

right of nursing home residents to a

cash allowance for their personal needs.

According to a tribute from the

National Lawyers Guild, which hon-

ored her as an exceptional legal ser-

vices advocate in 1992, Frank "made

an unmistakable mark on public inter-

est law in the state. Once, in an inter-

inister and social activist

Howard Matson, winner of the

Monterey County Chapter's Ralph

Atkinson Civil Liberties Award, died

on August 17 at the age of 86.

Matson spent nearly a half-century

as a Unitarian Universalist minister

with congregations throughout the

United States. In the 1930's, he was

active with the Fellowship of Social

Justice, and later worked with Martin

Luther King in the civil rights struggles

in Alabama. Matson served for eight

years on the national board of the

National Farmworker Ministry, sup-

porting the United Farm Workers

many people - including lots of |

Carolyn Symonds

board as the Santa Cruz Chapter repre-

sentative for four years. "Carolyn was

an outspoken advocate for ACLU-NC's

Chapter program and a passionate and

principled civil libertarian," said

ACLU-NC Executive Director Dorothy

Ehrlich.

A memorial service was held in

Santa Cruz to celebrate Symond's

many-faceted: life. Johnson asked that

contributions in her memory be donated

to the ACLU-NC.

Evelyn Frank

nal state memorandum discussing the

pros and cons of adopting a policy

that would have reduced benefits to

poor people, the agency staff noted

that on one hand, the policy would

save money, but on the other hand, `it

will violate federal law and Evelyn

Frank will sue us." Evelyn did sue

them and won, and obtained the

state's memo in discovery!"

Frank, a graduate of Brandeis

University and the Boalt Hall School

of Law, was also awarded the State

Bar's Loren Miller Award in 1992 for

work on behalf of low-income people.

Frank is survived by her husband,

Steve Mayer, former Chair of the

ACLU-NC Legal Committee and for-

mer member of the Board of Directors,

and their two children, Adam and

Emily.

Howard Matson

union organizing efforts among

migrant farmworkers in California.

Monterey County Chapter

Executive Director Richard Criley

said that Matson was "a very kind,

wise and committed human being."

Criley recalled that as Atkinson

accepted the Chapter's Atkinson

Award in 1980, he spoke of the need

to support the women's movement.

He is survived by his wife

Rosemary Matson, a companion in his

social activism and co-author of his ~

forthcoming book A Walk Through My

Mind.

A challenging volunteer position awaits you as q

omplaint Counselor! As a counselor, you will st

aint lines (open from 10AM -3PM, Monday-Friday

. Due to the training involved, the position requ

month commitment to work one day a week.

YOUR MAIN DUTIES ARE TO:

analyze and screen for complaints which contain:

issues and present them to a staff attorney; :

erve as ACLU "representatives" to the general public;

ovide information and referral services to callers.

Field Program Monthly Meetings

Chapter Meetings

(Chapter meetings are open to all inter-

ested members. Contact the Chapter

activist listed for your area.)

B-A-R-K (Berkeley-Albany-Richmond-

Kensington) Chapter Meeting: (Usually

fourth Thursday) Volunteers needed

for the chapter hotline - call

Florence Piliavin at 510/848-5195 for

further details. For more information,

time and address of meetings, contact

Julie Houk, 510/848-4752.

Earl Warren (Oakland/Alameda

County) Chapter Meeting: (Usually

second Wednesday) Meet on

Wednesday, December 8 and January

12, 1994 at 7:30 PM in the basement of

the Temescal Branch of the Oakland

Library, 5205 Telegraph Avenue; use

the rear entrance. For more information,

call Jim Murphy at 510/787-1472.

Fresno Chapter Meeting: (Usually

third Wednesday) Meet on Wednesday,

December 15 and January 19, 1994 at

7:00 PM at Glendale Federal

Bank/Community Room, 4191 N.

Blackstone at Ashland, Fresno. New

members welcome! For more informa-

tion call Nadya Coleman at 209/229-

7178 (days) or the Chapter Hotline at

209/225-3780.

Lesbian and Gay Rights Chapter

Meeting: (Usually first Thursday)

Meet on Thursday, December 9 and

January 6, 1994 at the ACLU Office,

1663 Mission Street, 460, San

Francisco. Mailings and other activities

start at 6:30 PM. Speakers at 7:00 PM.

Business meeting starts at 7:30 PM. For

more information, contact Alissa

Friedman 510/272-9700. .

Marin County Chapter Meeting:

(usually Third Monday) Meet Monday,

November 15 and December 20 at 7:30

PM, WestAmerica Bank, 1204

Strawberry Town and Country Village,

Mill Valley. January meeting date to be

scheduled. For more information, con-

tact Richard Rosenberg at 415/434-

2100.

Mid-Peninsula (Palo Alto area)

Chapter Meeting: (Usually fourth

Thursday) Meet at 7:30 PM at the

California Federal Bank, El Camino

Real, Palo Alto. For dates of the

November. and December meetings,

contact Paul Gilbert at 415/324-1499 or

the Chapter Hotline at 415/328-0732.

The Chapter will hold its Annual

Dinner Meeting on Wednesday,

November 10, 1993 from 6:00 PM to

9:00 PM at Chez Louis, 4170 El

Camino Real, Palo Alto. Cost for dinner

is $30.00 per person. The featured

speaker will be Judge LaDoris Cordell

on Civil Liberties and the Judiciary.

For more information, contact Iris

Barrie at 415/856-0193.

Monterey County Chapter Meeting:

(Usually third Tuesday) Meet Tuesday,

November 16 and January 18, 1994 at

the Monterey Library, Community

Room, Pacific and Madison Streets,

Monterey. December meeting to be

scheduled. The Annual Meeting is on.

Saturday, January 29, 1994, For more

information, contact Richard Criley,

408/624-7562.

Mt. Diablo (Contra Costa County)

Chapter Meeting: (Usually third

Thursday) For more information, call

the Hotline at 510/939-ACLU.

North Peninsula (San Mateo area)

Chapter Meeting: (Usually third

Monday) Meet on Monday, November

15 and January 17, 1994 at 7:30 PM. at

Planned Parenthood. December meeting

to be scheduled. Speaker at November

meeting will be San Mateo County

Sheriff Horsely. For more information,

contact Audrey Guerin at 415/574-

4053.

North Valley (Shasta, Siskiyou,

Tehama and Trinity Counties)

Chapter Meeting: (Usually fourth

Wednesday) Meet on Wednesday,

November 24 and December 22 at 7:00

PM at The Buckeye School in Redding.

For more information write to: Tillie

Smith, P.O. Box 2503, Redding, CA.

96099.

Redwood (Humboldt County)

Chapter Meeting: (Usually third

Monday) Meet Monday, November 15

and January 17, 1994 at 7:15 PM at the

Arcata Library. December meeting to be

scheduled. For more information con-

tact Christina Huskey at 707/444-6595.

Sacramento Valley Chapter Meeting:

(Usually second Wednesday) Meet on

Wednesday, December 8 `and January

12, 1994 at 6:00 PM at Shakey's Pizza,

59th and J Streets, Sacramento. For more

information, contact Ruth Ordas,

916/488-9956.

San Francisco Chapter Meeting:

(Usually third Tuesday) Meet on

Tuesday, November 16 and January 18,

1994 at 6:45 PM at ACLU Office, 1663

Mission, 460, San Francisco. December

meeting to be scheduled. For more

information, call the Chapter

Information Line at 415/979-6699.

Santa Clara Valley Chapter Meeting:

(Usually first Tuesday) Meet on

Tuesday, December 7 and January 4,

1994 at the Community Bank Building,

3rd Floor Conference Room, corner of

Market/St. John Streets, San Jose.

Contact Larry Jensen at 408/244-4570,

for further information. Bill of Rights

Campaign Phone nights tentatively

scheduled for November at All-Cal Title

Co. in Campbell - for specific

evenings, call the number above.

_ Santa Cruz County Chapter Meeting:

(Usually third Tuesday) Contact Simba

Kenyatta, 408/458-9561 for further

information.

Sonoma County Chapter Meeting:

(Usually third Wednesday) Meet on

Wednesday, November 17, December

15 and January 19, 1994 at 7:30 PM at

the Peace and Justice Center, 540

Pacific Avenue, Santa Rosa. Bill of

Rights Campaign Phone Night on

- Wednesday, November 10 from 6:00

PM to 9:00 PM at Law Offices, 700

College Avenue, Santa Rosa. Please

join the Sonoma County Chapter at

monthly death penalty vigils on the

21st of every month at 5:30 PM at

Courthouse Square, downtown Santa

Rosa. Call Steve Thornton at 707/544-

8115 for further information.

Yolo County Chapter Meeting:

(Usually third Thursday) Meet on

Thursday, November 18, December 16

and January 20, 1994. For more infor-

mation, call Natalie Wormeli at

916/756-1900 or the Chapter Hotline at

916/756-ACLU.

Field Action

Meetings

(All meetings except those noted will be

held at the ACLU-NC Office, 1663

Mission Street, #460, San Francisco.)

Student Outreach Committee: Meet

on Saturday, December 11 from 10:30

AM to 12:30 PM at the ACLU-NC

Office, 1663 Mission Street, 460, San

Francisco. Contact Marcia Gallo at

ACLU-NC 415/621-2493, for more

information.